This is a term only used in the Gospel of Luke. Caution is urged when applying it to other Biblical texts. The original meaning that Jesus mentions in Luke 21:24 is consistent with the prophets, that the nations would have a time of triumph over God's people Israel.
Many Christians of the historicism and Adventist movements add Christian elements. Church-state and Divine right of kings are two phrases used within a strong urgent framework. This approach tends to figure the historicism Papal anti-Christ as essential in determine the end point.
In this presentation I suggest the Papal church state view is incorrect since it's placing the main burden of gentile oppression in a Christian setting, Christians being persecuted in Europe. Dating it from World War 1 is likewise futile, since Europe still exists, it's still fully functional in all national and social aspects. Both of these totally neglect the original Israelite setting of every one of the texts listed below.
How Long do the nations dominate?
2520 Year period1. 606 BC - 1914 CE one problem is that there is no zero year, so the start has to be 607, some have adopted that reasoning. The secular records do not bear out either year as the starting point of the GT.
--OR-- 605/604 BC - 1917 CE - From fall of Nineveh, the defeat of Egypt and the death of Josiah by Babylon at Carchemish. This was followed by a subsequent invasion of Judah. This is Nebuchadnezzar's expansion westward.
2. 587 BC - 1933 CE - From the death of Zedekiah to the formation of an effective Zionist organization in response to the Nazi's. Zionist actions starting in 1933 provided the infrastructure for the modern state of Israel in 1948.
The basis of this time period follows from seven years multiplied by 360 days/year, then figures each day as a literal year, hence 2520 years.
- Leviticus 26 Seven Times, but the word "times" is only implied. The word seven appears to modify the word more as in seven times more intense. But if times as a term is allowed to mean years, then the idea is 7 years of 360 days, hence 2520 years. A further justification is sought in connection with Daniel's 3 1/2 times mentioned below, but the phrases don't correspond in my reading of the texts.
- Daniel 4 Nebuchadnezzars seven year madness is computed using the day year system of prophetic interpretation. Issues are ending dates for the madness don't correspond to any sanity manifested by world governments.
Indeterminate Period
The time that Jerusalem is oppressed by the nations
Leviticus 26 describes suffering at the hand of enemies leading to eventually reconciliation. It all goes back to the restored covenants promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
Luke 21:24 Jerusalem trodden down until the times of the gentile nations is fulfilled, no particular time period is stated there. But a hopeful note is implied, the oppression will eventually be no more, dramatic world events will signal that time.
1260 YearsLuke 21 may be derived from Daniel's prophecy as is explicitly stated in the Matthew 24:15 synoptic account of the same discourse. Based on Daniel 7:25 and 12:7 this period of subjection to the nation-beasts is a time, 2 times and a half, which appears to be a 1260 period (3 1/2 years).
Revelation 11:1-3 describes the trampling of the holy city for 42 months, that's clearly another 1260 day period.
1260 years from conquest of Jerusalem by Arab Muslim armies. 637 CE - 1897 CE. Leads to beginning of Zionist movement under Theodore Herzl.
2300 Years
Daniel 8 - Sanctuary trodden down 2300 days, year-day from 334 BC Alexander the Great as the horn of the Goat, shows the effect of Greek hellenization on the Jewish people, continued under Rome and expanded in the later days by another king that would trod the place of the temple and the holy people Israel. That king was Mohammed. 334 BC + 2300 = 1967 CE, Jerusalem liberated by modern state of Israel.
I think we can see that each of these has useful aspects, although to my mind the 1914 application to a European Church state collapse is Biblically weak since it's basically unrelated to the framework of the prophet Daniel and Moses. Dates for that supposed event are usually placed in the past, but if that has really ended, then why hasn't the God of Heaven setup his earthly kingdom? On the contrary apostate Christian churches still exercise significant political and social influence, they even attempt to meddle in Israeli affairs. So it simply doesn't work out by looking at visible world events. Conversely, it doesn't seem right to say this happened in heaven as some do. The fulfillment of the gentile period in end times should bear some relation to how it all began, viz, in national natural Israel
What I do see is that Israel has taken several essential steps in reassuring the kingdom that Daniel 2 looked forward too. Several points in historical steps provide progressive markers along the way to complete shedding of foreign domination. In the end the last remnant of that will be cast off when Jerusalem is no longer threatened by the nations, not by the Arabs, not by the EU, not by the USA. It isn't fully over until Jerusalem is at peace and Israel has the ownership without challenge. As long as Jerusalem is surrounded by antagonists, by foreign governments and is free to control every aspect of their affairs independently it isn't over.
Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.